Annales Cambriae

B, C, D and E in Parallel, from AD 1251 to AD 1289

Henry W. Gough-Cooper

First edition (June 2024)

Published online by the Welsh Chronicles Research Group:
http://croniclau.bangor.ac.uk

Introduction: Annales Cambriae B, C, D & E in parallel, from AD 1251 to AD 1289

Over four decades ago, Prof. David Dumville suggested making parallel editions of the chronicles that have come to be known collectively as Annales Cambriae, the Welsh Latin chronicles (Dumville 1977). Presented here are the final sections of the four principal chronicles in parallel from 1251 to 1288: the major chronicle from the Neath Breviate of Domesday (Annales Cambriae B-text); the St Davids, or Cottonian, chronicle (Annales Cambriae C-text); and two chronicles from Exeter Cathedral Library MS 3514, Cronica ante adventum domini (Annales Cambriae D-text), and Cronicon de Wallia (Annales Cambriae E-text).

Structure

B has a penultimate run of consecutive annals, b1272–b1298, for the AD years 1251 to 1277. There are then two annals, b1299 and b1300, for the years 1282 and 1283, and then a final isolated annal, b1301, for 1286. The date given by b1301, m.cc.lxxxui, is possibly in error for m.cc.lxxxiu, under which year (1284) a fire at Strata Florida is noted in the Annals of Chester.[1]

C has an empty annal, c573, between its annal c572 for an event of 1250 and its annal c574 for events of 1254. Its annals c574–c585 are for events of 1254 to 1264, but four of these are empty. The first item of c586 is also for an event of 1264, but the second item is for an event of 1270, as is c587. Annals c588 to c591 are empty, but c592 is by deduction also for an event of 1270. Annals c593 and c594 are for events of 1271 and 1272. There is no annal for 1273; but, thereafter, c595–c609 are consecutive annals for the years 1274 to 1288. The last annal, c610, was prepared but is without rubricated initial and is empty.

D, after its annals d40–d62, which are almost all misstated as a year in arrears of the events noted (d62 ‘1249’ = 1250), resynchronises with the true AD date at d63 ‘1250’ = 1250. The annals in D are not, however, a year-by-year chronicle until d67, where there is a short series of consecutive annals for the years 1257 to 1266 (d75). There is then a leap to an annal, d76, marked ‘1273’, but this and the next annal, d77, are both for events of 1274. Thereafter, d78–d86 are for events of 1276 to 1285, with d81 being for events of 1279 and 1280.

E, after its annal for events of 1249 (e46 ‘1248’), jumps to 1254 (e47), and then has a series of consecutive annals, e47–e58, for the years 1254 to 1266. The compiler copied the annals for 1259 and 1260 out of sequence, but this is recognised in the manuscript by the addition of a small ‘b’ and ‘a’ in front of the respective annals, e52 and e53.

Both the B and C texts show signs of the final stages of their compilation, both in structure and content. In B, this is evident from the gap that occurs after 1277 in the long series of dated annals that run almost continuously from 1097 (only the year 1232 is omitted, as it is also in E).  After its annal for 1277 (b1298), B ends with a codicil of three annals for events of the years 1282, 1283 and 1284. In C, the annal for 1255–56, c576, is the last of what is up to that point a ‘closed’ chronicle, where no provision has been made by the scribe for additions. Thereafter, the compiler has left gaps between many of the annals, and of the fifteen further annals on the leaf (folio 153v) eight are empty. The annal for 1270 (c587) is followed by four empty annals, apparently taking the chronicle down to 1274 at the end of the second column on the leaf, which is the last of a bifolio. At the start of the first leaf of the new bifolio (154r), the first annal, c592, is, by deduction, for 1270 (c594 notes the death of Henry III of England, who died in November 1272). This disjunction in the chronology of the annals probably signals the start of the final period of compilation. C has no annal for 1273. Again, spaces of one or two lines are left between most of the annals, and the last two leaves in particular have the untidy appearance of a draft, a work-in-progress. From this evidence, the C-text, uniquely amongst the chronicles under consideration, was still an active chronicle when it was abandoned; its last four annals lack rubricated capitals, and the last empty annal, c610, prepared but empty, should have been for 1289.

Unlike B and C, D and E do not pretend to be continuous year-by-year chronicles.

Contents

After their annals for c. 1202–04, the major chronicles B and C are wholly independent of one another, with no evidence for a common source. Indeed, the descriptors Annales Cambriae B, Annales Cambriae C, although convenient and long engrained in custom, are now entirely inappropriate. B now properly stands for the ‘Breviate’ chronicle, the major chronicle in the flyleaves of the Neath Breviate of Domesday, London National Archives MS E164/1, pp. 2–26, and C for the ‘Cottonian chronicle’, the St Davids chronicle in British Library, Cotton MS Domitian A. i, folios 138r–155r. The chronicles in Exeter Cathedral Library MS 3514, D and E, are partially derivative of the sources that underlie B and C.

B and the Welsh vernacular chronicles, Brut y Tywysogyon (‘the Brutiau’), run in parallel 1231–1246 and 1251–1263, but the relationship is complex.[2] For 1251, 1252 and 1253 the Brutiau have items that are close Welsh parallels of the Latin annals in B, b1272, b1273 and b1274, but the Brutiau’s annals for 1251 are more specific, and their annals for 1252 and 1253 each have one extra item not in B (a note on the weather and a note of the bishop of St Davids, respectively), but which look as though they were in the Welsh annals’ source. The Brutiau’s annals for 1254 also have an item not in B, and B also has an item not in the Brutiau but this is one of the frequent Winchester-Waverley parallels found in B from its early twelfth-century section onwards. The Brutiau’s next annals, for 1255, have the same four items as b1276, but their equivalent of the first item in b1276 is shorter, and they have an extra item not in B (the purchase and installation of a new bell at Strata Florida). The Brutiau’s annals for 1256 have no equivalent to the first item of b1277, and their equivalents of the other items in b1277 are shorter and less specific as to days and dates than the last two items in B. However, the Brutiau here have a second item about the bishop of St Davids not in B. The annals in B and the Brutiau for 1257 begin in a similar vein, but again B is more specific as to date, but then diverge completely; the annals in the Brutiau bear little or no resemblance to the ten items in b1278 (the Brutiau have split their annals for 1257 over two years, but even then are considerably shorter than b1278). The annals in the Brutiau for 1258, while touching on some of the same events as b1279, are very brief compared to the extensive accounts in B, which again is more specific as to days and dates. Then the Brutiau’s account of Welsh events lapses completely with their annal for 1259, while the next annal in B, b1280, continues to be detailed and specific. The Brutiau do have an account of the taking of Builth castle (1260), but it is much briefer and varying in detail from the account in the second item of b1281, and the Brutiau have no equivalent of the first item in B, or of the subsequent four items. The Brutiau’s annals are obituaries not found in B, where b1282 notes the death of the abbot of Cwm-hir. In their annals for 1262, both the Brutiau and b1283 (first item) note the death of the Clare earl of Gloucester, but B is mistaken about his name, ‘Gilbert’ rather than the correct Richard, even though it provides more detail about the cause of his death and the place of his burial (but is also in error about the location). The Brutiau are more detailed on the capture and destruction of Cefnllys than the second item in b1283, but the third item in B is more detailed about the ensuing events and the besieging of Roger de Mortimer in the castle ruins. The account in the Brutiau is again less detailed and with no specific dates given, or the name of the castle. The next annals in the Brutiau, for 1263, touch on the same events as b1284 – the slaughter at Clun, the start of the Second Barons’ War, the taking of Degannwy by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, and Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn’s capture and the destruction of Yr Wyddgrug – but the accounts are essentially different and noted in a different order, and the Brutiau have no equivalent of the last three items here in B. After their annals for 1263, B and the Brutiau diverge completely.

To summarize: the Brutiau for 1251 to 1255 are parallel to, but more detailed than B; thereafter, from 1256 to 1263, B is more detailed and much more specific than the Brutiau, even though the latter touch on some of the same subjects from time to time. It is significant that B loses sight of Maelgwn Ieuanc ap Maelgwn ap Rhys, so that, although the deaths of his children are recorded in 1254 and 1255, his death is not (it is noted in the Brutiau in their annals for 1257). The annals in B for 1259 and 1261 are completely different from those in the Brutiau. The annals in B are oddly oblique about the Barons’ War, with no mention of the battle of Evesham in b1286 (1265) or of the siege of Kenilworth in b1288 (1266), and none of the Welsh Latin chronicles refer to the Treaty of Montgomery of 1267. Indeed, there are several Winchester-Waverley parallels in the annals for 1267, 1268 and 1271 (b1290, for the year 1269, is empty), and the annals become very slight from 1268 to 1273,[3] reviving somewhat for 1274, 1276 and 1277, where they note the initial establishment of Edwardian hegemony over North and West Wales. The brief codicil for 1282, 1283 and 1286 (or 1284; see note above), neatly closes the chronicle with the final liquidation of the Gwynedd dynasty and the burning of Strata Florida.

C is independent of both B and the Brutiau. An apparent lacuna of three years between 1250 and 1254 is marked by a single empty annal, c573; the preceding annal, c572, is for an event of 1250, and the following annal, c574, notes events of 1254. At its annal for 1255 (c575), we start to find parallels of C in E, where in the third item of e48 there occurs a change of hand and ink; c576 is paralleled by e49, and c578 is partially paralleled by the fourth item in e50, while the fifth item is a parallel of c579. The next annal in C, c580, is empty, but c581 is paralleled by the second item in e53, and c583 is paralleled by the third item in e55, and c585 by the sixth and seventh items in e56. E ends with an annal for 1266. From 1254 to 1270 C is very thin; of the twenty-three annals on folio 153v nine are empty, and of the remainder only seven concern Wales. The annal for 1256 announces the start of a great war in Wales, but in stark contrast to the detailed campaign accounts of 1256–1260 and 1262–63 in B, C notes briefly only three events.

When the new bifolio starts (c592) the chronicle has apparently doubled-back to 1270 and subsequently shows some further signs of being a work-in-progress (e.g. the corrections in c598, c599 and c603; leaving space between annals for further expansion; the innovation of starting to provide AD dates in the last few annal headers). C never loses sight of St Davids, recording in c575 and c576 the death of Bishop Thomas and the consecration of his successor, Richard, in Rome (1255, 1256). The final run of annals begins with two notes of Bishop Richard’s trip to France after Easter, and his return to Wales the following year, around Ascension Day (c592 and c593). As the death of King Henry III of England in 1272 is noted in c594, Richard’s trip was by deduction in 1270 and 1271. The following annals give a considerable amount of detail pertaining to St Davids and its dependencies: c596, the establishment of a shrine to St David in the church; c598, a pilgrimage made to St Davids by Prince Edmund; c599, the appointment of the treasurer of St Davids as archdeacon of Brecon, and the installation of a new rector in Llanfynydd; c601, the death of Bishop Richard and the election of his successor, Thomas Bek, and his confirmation and consecration at Lincoln, the election of the archdeacon of St Davids as bishop of Exeter and the appointment of the treasurer to the archdeaconship and the appointment of his successor as treasurer; c603, the death of the treasurer, William, and the appointment of his successor, John; c604, the death of the archdeacon of Carmarthen, a note of his successor, and of the church of Llangadog being made collegiate; c605, a visit from John Peckham, archbishop of Canterbury, the king and queen visiting St Davids on pilgrimage on 26 November, and the town of Haverfordwest regaining its privileges; c607, note of a large subsidy made by the bishop, Thomas Bek, on behalf of the clergy, to the Papal nuncio to England, Guifrid. The chronicle ends with three natural ‘miracula’, precisely dated: c608, a blood moon on 19 June, and an earthquake on 15 March (this possibly the March following June 1287); c609, a solar eclipse on 2 April. All these natural events are described in some detail. The eclipse makes a fortuitously poetic ending to C, but the preparation of a further annal shows that there was no intention that the chronicle would stop there. C could possibly represent a stage in the compilation of a now lost ‘fair copy’, into which the interpolated annalistic notes would have been fully assimilated.

After an initial computus, the annals in D to AD 596 are based on Geoffrey of Monmouth’s De gestis Britonum. Thereafter, the annals, now dependent on the Bury St Edmunds chronicle of John de Taxster (JdT),[4] show very little direct interest in Wales. D is dependent on a version of JdT down to 1265 (d74), with the possible addition of the annal for 1266 (d75), although this last is not in any of the extant witnesses to JdT. D has nothing in common with B, but from its annal for 1254 (d66) it starts to be paralleled by E, although the items in d66 are found appended to the annal for the following year in E, e48 (1255). D then jumps to 1257 (d67) where it has two items paralleled by the first two items in e50 (but the third item in e50 is a parallel of the first item in c578, and the fourth item in e50 is a parallel of the first and only item in c579). The annal d68 is paralleled by e51, and d69 and d70 are paralleled by e53 and e52 (as explained above, the copyist of E reversed the chronological order of these two annals). Annal d71 is paralleled by e54, but e55 is a parallel of 1) d73 and 2) c585; d74 and d75 are paralleled by e57 and e58. The pattern suggests that E was drawing on both D and C, or their sources, for its annals e50, e55 and e56. D then jumps again, from 1266 (d75) to 1274 (d76 ‘1273’) where B, C and D all record the coronation of Edward I of England in 1274. But here C has a parallel of d77 noting the Council of Lyons of 1274, and D has then no annal for 1275. Therefore, the annals in D appear to be parallels, often abbreviated, of those in C to 1284. The last annal in D (d86) breaks off in mid-sentence, but, although noting the same events, is perhaps independent of C. In short, D appears to depend on C for its annals for 1274 to 1284; E appears to parallel D and C for its annals from 1255 (the last three or four items of e48, where there is a change of hand and ink) to 1266 (e58).

Abbreviations:

B: The Welsh-Latin Breviate chronicle in the Neath Breviate of Domesday, London, National Archives MS E164/1, pp. 2–26 (see Gough-Cooper 2015a).

C: The Welsh-Latin Cottonian chronicle, London, British Library Cotton MS Domitian A. i, folios 138r–155r (see Gough-Cooper 2015b).

CCCC 92: Cambridge, Corpus Christi College MS 92 (see Thorpe 1849).

D: Cronica ante aduentum domini, Exeter Cathedral Library MS 3514, pp. 523–8 (see Gough-Cooper 2015c).

DPNW: Owen and Morgan 2007.

E: Cronicon de Wallia, Exeter Cathedral Library MS 3514, pp. 507–19 (see Gough-Cooper 2016).

HBC: Fryde et al. 2003.

HD: Cheney and Jones 2004

JdT: The Bury St Edmunds Chronicle of John de Taxster, London, British Library, Cotton MS Julius A. i, ff. 3r–43v.

Luard ii: Luard 1865.

OHE Powicke: Powicke 1962.

P: Jones 1952.

R: Jones 1954.

S: Jones 1971.

Runciman, HC3: Runciman 1954.

References:

Cheney, C. R. (ed.) and Jones, M. (rev.) (2004) A Handbook of Dates, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Dumville D. N. (1977/8) ‘The Welsh Latin Annals’, Studia Celtica 12/13, 461–7.

Dunbabin, J. (1998) Charles I of Anjou: Power, Kingship and State-making in Thirteenth-century Europe, London: Longman.

Fryde E. B., Greenway, D. E., Porter, S. and Roy, I. (2003) Handbook of British Chronology, Royal Historical Society, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gough-Cooper, H. W. (ed.) (2015a) Annales Cambriae: The B Text, from London, National Archives MS E164/1, pp. 2–26,
<http://croniclau.bangor.ac.uk/documents/AC%20B%20first%20edition.pdf>

Gough-Cooper, H. W. (ed.) (2015b) Annales Cambriae: The C Text, from London, British Library, Cotton MS Domitian A. i. ff. 138r–155r,
<http://croniclau.bangor.ac.uk/documents/AC%20C%20first%20edition.pdf>

Gough-Cooper, H. W. (ed.) (2015c) Annales Cambriae: The D Text, from Exeter Cathedral Library MS 3514, pp. 523–8,
<http://croniclau.bangor.ac.uk/documents/AC%20D%20first%20edition.pdf>

Gough-Cooper, H. W. (ed.) (2016) Annales Cambriae: The E Text, from Exeter Cathedral Library MS 3514, pp. 507–19,
<http://croniclau.bangor.ac.uk/documents/AC_E_First_Edition%20%20.pdf>

Goyau, G. (1910) ‘Second Council of Lyons (1274)’, in The Catholic Encyclopedia, New York: Robert Appleton Company, vol. 9, pp. 477–8.

Goyau, G. (1911) ‘Philip IV’, in The Catholic Encyclopedia, New York: Robert Appleton Company, vol. 12, pp. 4–6.

Gransden, A. (2004) ‘Taxster, John of (fl. 1244–c.1270)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hughes, K. (1980) ‘The Welsh Latin Chronicles: Annales Cambriae and Related Texts’, in her Celtic Britain in the Early Middle Ages: Studies in Scottish and Welsh Sources, ed. D. Dumville, Woodbridge: Boydell, pp. 67–85.

Jackson, P. (trans.) (2009) The Seventh Crusade, 1244–1254: Sources and Documents, Farnham: Ashgate.

Jones, T. (trans.) (1952) Brut y Tywysogyon or The Chronicle of the Princes: Peniarth MS. 20 version, Cardiff: University of Wales Press.

Jones, T. (ed. and trans.) (1954) Brut y Tywysogyon or The Chronicle of the Princes: Red Book of Hergest Version, Cardiff: University of Wales Press.

Jones, T. (ed. and trans.) (1971) Brenhinedd y Saesson or The King of the Saxons: BM Cotton MS Cleopatra B v and The Black Book of Basingwerk, NLW MS. 7006, Cardiff: University of Wales Press.

Lloyd, J. E. (1912) A History of Wales: From the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest, 2 vols, London: Longmans, Green & Co.

Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1865) Annales Monastici, vol. 2, Rolls Series 36, London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts and Green.

Lynn, W. T. (1905) ‘The Comets of A.D. 1264 and 1556’, The Observatory 28, 217–18.

Maund, K. (2006) The Welsh Kings, Stroud: Tempus.

Owen, H. W. and Morgan, R. (2007) Dictionary of the Place Names of Wales, Llandysul: Gomer Press.

Powicke, M. (1962) The Thirteenth Century, 1216–1307, The Oxford History of England, Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Ridgeway H. W. (2004) ‘Henry III (1207–1272)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Runciman, S. 1954. A History of the Crusades, Volume Three: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Thorpe B. (ed.) (1849) Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis, vol. 2, London: sumptibus Societatis.

Smith, J. B. (2008) ‘Historical Writing in Medieval Wales: The Composition of Brenhindd y Saesson’, Studia Celtica 42, 55–86.

Stephenson, D. (2011) ‘The Chronicler at Cwm-hir Abbey, 1257–63: The Construction of a Welsh Chronicle’, in R. A. Griffiths and P. R. Schofield (eds), Wales and the Welsh in the Middle Ages: Essays Presented to J. Beverley Smith, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp. 29–45.

Stevenson, J. (ed.) (1839) Chronicon de Lanercost 1201-1346, Edinburgh: The Bannatyne Club.

[1] This last annal is dated 1286, perhaps due to a scribal error in transcribing the minims of iv as vi. The event is recorded under the probably correct year (1284) in the Annales Cestrienses; see Smith 2008, 74f., fn. 114.

[2] David Stephenson has conjectured that Whitland borrowed a Strata Florida text covering 1231–56, adding entries for 1257–9. Cwm-hir then borrowed the Whitland text (1231–1259) where further, mid-Wales, material for 1257–9 was added in and the narrative continued to 1263 (Stephenson 2011, 34).

[3] The annal for the death of ‘Rhys ap Maredudd’ (b1291, 1270) may be a misreading of a notice for the death of Rhys Fychan ap Rhys Mechyll (Hughes 1980, 81), although Rhys Fychan did not die until 1271. The Lord Maredudd’s son and heir, Rhys ap Maredudd ap Rhys, having been in rebellion against the Crown for some years, was executed in 1291 at York, as recorded in the Chronicle of Lanercost (Stevenson 1839, 145, s.a. 1291): Eodem anno Reismareduc, quidam de nobilioribus Walliae, regis Angliae proditor, in crastino sanctae Trinitatis [Jun. 2] apud Eboracum judicialiter tractus est, et per tres dies et noctes suspensus apud Knaresmire (‘In the same year Rhys ap Maredudd, one of the nobility of Wales, traitor to the king of England, was lawfully executed at York on the day after Trinity Sunday, and for three days and nights hung at Knavesmire’). The death of the Lord Maredudd ap Rhys is then placed two years too late under the annal (b1294) for 1273.

[4] Hughes 1980, 77; perhaps through the medium of a lost variant version. The two extant witnesses are London, British Library, Cotton MS Julius A. i, ff. 3r–43v, and London, College of Arms, Arundel MS 6. Additionally, John de Taxster's annals for 1152–1265 were transcribed by the Bury St Edmunds compiler as part of their continuation to 1295 of John of Worcester's Chronicon ex chronicis in the version found in Cambridge, Corpus Christi College MS 92 (Thorpe 1849). See also Gransden 2004.

Annales Cambriae B, C, D and E in Parallel, from AD 1251 to AD 1288

B(reviate chronicle) C(ottonian chronicle) D (‘Chronica ante aduentum domini’) E (‘Cronicon de Wallia’)

[b1272 1251] Anus ·m·cc·li · Gladus filia domini lewelíní apud wíndesour · morgan filíus resi magní · obiit

[c573] Annus.

[d64] Anno. mo.CC.li. quidam seductor[1] collegit pastorum multitudinem. Eodem anno die Natalis domini. Alexander . Rex scocie accinctus est militaribus apud Eboram . a Rege . H(enrico). Anglie . et in crastinum duxit in uxorem eius filiam margaretam.[2]

[b1273 1252] Anus ·m·cc·líi · lewelinus filíus gurwareth tunc ballíuus dominí ·h(enrici)· regís in terra que fuerat dominí maelgonís íuníorís cepit mandato regío predam super uíros de eluael eo quod quasi heredítario uolebant vtí pasturís moncium[3] de elenẏth ·

[b1274 1253] Anus m·cc·liii · Illustris rex anglie dominus ·h(enricus)· filíus ·Iohannis· cum magno excercítu in burgundiam[4] círca principíum augustí transfretauít[5] · commendando regnum anglíe . Edwardo filio suo et domino Rícardo fratri suo comítí cornubíe et regine ·

[d65] Anno. mo.CC.liii. H(enricus). Rex cepit de quolibet feodo militaribus . solidum . ad faciendam . Edwardum militem . Eodem anno . H(enricus). Rex procurauit decimani per quinquennium tam de religioses quia aliis personis ecclesiasticis ut faceret Eadmundum filium suum regem Cicilie et Apulie . Eodem anno dominus Rex transfretauit in Wascon . uiii . Idus Augusti .[6] Eodem anno obiit Robertus Lincolniensis episcopus Nonas . Octobris .[7]

[b1275 1254] Anus ·m·cc·liiii · henricus rex anglíe de gasconíam in angliam relicto ibidem domino edwardo filio suo cum ingenti excercítu in custodia illarum parcium redíít · Guenllian filia domini mailgonís obiit die sancte kateríne · eodem anno dictus ·e(dwardus)· profectus est cum ·B(onefacio)· archiepiscopo in hispaniam et ibi desponsauít filiam regís · hispaníe et factus est miles ·[8]

[c574] Annus. Lodouicus rex francie a terra sancta [9] . et Henricus rex anglie a partibus redíít transmarínís[10] . Et dedit rex henricus eadwardo filio suo primogeníto yberniam . walliam . vasconiam . et bristollum[11] .

[d66] Anno. mo.CC.liiii.

Lodouicus rex[12] rediit de terra sancta .[13] Eodem anno Eduardus filius Regis Anglie . Acinctus (est) militaribus in hispania a Rege Castelle . cuius sororem duxit cito post in uxorem. Eodem anno rediit Rex de Wasconia . mense Nouembris .[14] Item eodem anno obiit Innocencius papa[15] et successit Alexander . iiiius. 

[e47 1254] Annus  . domini . mus . ccus . liiiius.[16] lodowícus rex francíe post amíssíonem nobilíum uírorum suorum . de íerosolimía tamen cum tristícía[17] . ad patríam suam redíít .[18]

[b1276 1255] Anus ·m·cc·lv ·

obíít probus et robustus íuuenís mareduth filius lewelíní de meronnẏth · relicto vnico herede filio de Guenllian filía mailgonís · Et post cíto círca festum sancti Iohannes baptiste Iuuenís egregíe probitatís Resus filíus mailgonís · acta confessíone · et communícantís corpore christi et sanguine · sumptoque cisterciensis ordínis habitu apud stratam floridam · heu fatís occubuít cuius corpus traditum fuít uenerabiliter sepulture ín capitulo íuxta sororem suam lamentantibus multís et meríto plangentibus mortem ipsius quia uehementer sperabatur a multís et preconiabatur quod ipse esset redempturus et liberaturus magnam partem wallíe a pristíno íugo captíuítatís anglícorum · hísdem uero diebus orta discordía suggescíone diabolíca inter filios grifíní · filíi uenerabilis memoríe · domini ·L(ewelini)· quondam princípis nortwallíe · owínum ·scilicet· et dauid fratrem suum ex parte vna et lewelínum ex altera (.) Idem lewelinus confidens ín domino eorum índubítanter expectauit horribilem cum magno excercitu aduentum et ímmobilís stans cum suís ad preliandum (.) Infra vnius hore spacium ·dictus ·o(winum) · et ·d(auid) fratres suos multis de suís interfectís et captís necnon et ín fugam versís fortí manu et bellíca cepít et eorum terras síne aliqua dif(ic)ultate sagínauít · non multum uero post sed[19] sabbato proxímo ante festum sancti michaelis · obíít margareta tunc filia maelgonis uxor owíní filíi mareduth de kedeveẏn · que apud stratam floridam íuxta fratrem suum tradita fuít sepulture · Thomas dictus Walensis episcopus meneuensis obiit in christo ·[20]

[c575] Annus. Thomas wallensis meneuensis episcopus die translationis sancti benedicti obiit[21] . cui successit magister Ricardus de Karreu theologus et phylosophus optimus

[e48 1255] Annus . mus . ccus . lvus. owínus filíus griffíní[22] grandem collegít exercítum proponens fratrem suum lewelínum uírum fortem et sapíentem exheredare . quod et fecít ad tempus . post breue uero spacíum predíctus lewelínus auxílíum amícorum postulauit . et recollegít exercítum fortem et in fratrem suum owínum . una cum alío fratre suo . dauid . scilicet . nomíne . írruít . vnde dissponente domino uíctoríam optínuít . et predíctum owínum vna cum fratre suo . dauid . qui erat dux famílíe sepe díctí owení tenuít et ín carcerem retrusít .[23] Eodem uero anno . obiit . píe memoríe . dominus . Innocencius . papa . iiius .[24] hoc eodem anno . obíít Thomas . meneuensis . episcopus .[25] scilicet díe translacionis sancti benedictí .[26] et anno precedentí . Edwardus filius regis anglie . accínctus est mílítaribus armís in hẏspanía a rege castelle cuius sororem duxít cíto post ín uxorem .[27] eodem anno redíít rex de vasconía mense nouembrí .[28]

[b1277 1256] Anus ·m·cc·lvi · Quidam nobiles wallie uíam vniuerse carnís íngressi ·sunt· videlicet · maredut filius maudauc · tunc dominus de ẏal et oweín ·filius· Ioruerth de eluael · hoc anno accessít dominus edwardus illustris regís anglíe · henrici filíus tunc comes cestrie circa kalendas augustí ad castra sua videlicet de digannoẏ et de disserth uidendum et terras · quo recedente et facta uísitacione · nobiles wallíe índignati et suís spoliati libertatibus et honoribus · more machabeorum zelo iusticíe accensí · elegerunt pocius[29] cum honore ín bello pro libertate sua morí quam sic ab extraneís et índignís hostibus calcarí · ad nobilem íuuenem · uidelicet lewelínum filium grifíní filíí Lewelíní accesserunt · suam ei exponentes captíuam tribulacionem cum lacrimís et gemítibus · quorum gemitibus et fletibus idem ·l(ewelinus)· motus eorum ex(h)ortacione et consilío atque rogatu · accessít ad terram de peruetwalt et eam ínfra vnam ebdomadam · preter duo castris ·scilicet· deganho et dissert uiriliter occupauít · habens tunc secum nobilem virum uidelicet · maredut filium Resi crẏc per cauillacionem anglicorum et nepotís suí ·scilicet Resi vechan et aliorum quorundam suorum vicinorum de terra et hereditate sua eiectum · quorum nomina non erant tunc ín libro uite scripta · quo tunc prospere facto a dicto lewelíno terram de meronnẏth similiter occupauít · et díe lune prima ín aduentu dominí cum magno excercítu apud lanpadarn uaur pernoctauít que erat ín manu dominí edwardí (.) tunc die mercurii apud moruamaur pernoctauít · Ibi maredut filíus oweyn ad dictum lewelínum accessít et fidelitatem cum ipso firmauít . partem dominí edwardi de keredigeaun · maredut filio owíní cum terra de buelt dedít quam tunc similiter ín manu fortí occupauít . Restituendo predictum maredut filium Resí cum terra sua et eíciendo prefatum · R(esum)· nepotem suum e sua parte et illa dicto meredut conferendo iure heredítarío · Nichil sibi ex omnibus preter famam et meritum de predictis conquestibus retínendo · quo sic facto terram de werthrenn[30] sibi tenuít eam affrendo · Rogero de mortuo ·m(ari)· et sic ad propria post diem natalis dominí prospere redíít (.) Ricardus comes frater regis electus est in imperatorem[31]

[c576] Annus. Consecratus fuit Ricardus meneuensis episcopus apud romam a domino papa[32] .

Et incepit magna guerra in Wallia .

 

[c577] Annus

[e49 1256] Annus . mus . ccus . lvius . consecratus fuít rícardus meneuensis episcopus rome .[33] et íncepit magna gwerra ín wallia[34] ínter regem henricum et lewelínum princípem Northwallie .

[b1278 1257] Anus ·m·cc·lvíí · post ephiphaniam dominí lewelínus filíus Grifíní filíi Guenonwín de powís intrauít et ín uilla de trallug sedens et eam omnio combussít ibique conuocatís ad se ín auxilium duobus barronibus[35] de swdwallía ·  mareduth filio resí crẏch et maredut filio owíní · Ex alia uero parte haffren iuxta mungumbriam congregati fuerunt multi barones de anglía ·  uídelicet · Iohannes stra(n)ges Grifinus filius guenonwín ·  mab alan et multi alii cum uexillo dominí edwardí et cum · maxímo armato excercítu · Per amnen uero hafren predictus excercítus a(n)glicorum peruenit et in campo magno inter hafren et eberriw anglicí in acie belli steterunt · walensibus uero anglicos ad bellum paratos videntíbus ualde indignati sunt et campum cum innumerabilibus armatís intrantes · et anglicí uiderunt excercítum walensíum fortem nímís campum uíriliter et audacter occupantem · statím anglicí pre tímore exterrití ín fuga conuersi sunt et usque ad mungumbriam ocius fugerunt . In illis uero diebus uidelicet díe lune pro(x)íma[36] post purifícacionem beate marie Stephanus bauson Nichol dominus de kemeís Patríc dominus de kedwelẏ et dominus de karriw · cum multís armatís militibus portam albe domus fregerunt abbatiam íntrantes ibique pernoctantes et íníuríam deo et beate marie et omnibus sanctis fecerunt ·scilicet· verberando monachos . spoliando conuersos . secum ducentes omnes equos et omnia spolia tocius albatie[37] preter spolia ecclesie · et in címíterío seruitores monachorum íníuste occiderunt ·  Predictus uero lewelínus postea in proxima quadragesíma cum grandi exercitu ad terram de kedwelí et karnwallaun et Gohír accessít et partem anglicorum de predictis terrís et abertawẏ omnio combussít · omnes uero wallenses dictarum terrarum sibi subiugauít et ante pascha cum gaudio ad propria remeauit · Item ín híís diebus quidam nobiles uirí de familia domini lewelíní filíi Grifut ante dominícam ín ramis palmarum villam mungumbriam ·scilicet· castellum · bal(d)win ·[38] uiriliter combusserunt et baldwínum et burges alíos multos cum mulieribus et paruulís in eadem uilla igne et ferro occíderunt (.) ín illís diebus quidam nobiles de kardigaun · uidelicet duo filíi eẏnaun ab Wilím et duo filíí Wilím goch apud osterloue ab anglicís de karmerdin occísi ·sunt · Item lewelínus ap Grufut cum multitudíne uírorum forcíum ante pe(nte)costen castellum bodedon obsedít et dímissís castellanís cum armís suís libere et castello tradito illud soletenus combussít · Post non multos dies ·scilicet· die mercuríí proxima post pentecosten . Stephanus bauzon et multi barones cum multitudíne forcium bellatorum apud kermerdín pernoctauerunt · In crastíno uero omnes incliti viri armatí cum magna audacía et superbía vnanímiter cum pluribus equis loricatís et alíis ínstrumentís ad bella paratís ad deuastandam terram de stratewẏ iter arripuerunt et non síne impedimento usque ad llanthelou uaur peruenerunt · ibique sine aliquo tímore pernoctantes · et walenses de keredigeaun et de stratewẏ ·scilicet· maredut · filíus Resi crẏch · et maredut filíus owení cum omni posse eorum ín siluís et ín nemoribus et in conuallibus circa anglicos cum magnís clamoribus undique fuerunt congregatí · Et predicti walenses per totam diem venerís telís armorum et sagittarum in eodem loco turmas saxonum ínuítauerunt et inquietauerunt · Ductor anglicorum ·scilicet· Res · filíus Resi michil · die salbati[39] · videlicet in uígilia · sancte trinítatis ·scilicet· iiii· Nonas Íuníí · eos ín angustía et ín magno periculo reliquít · et ad castrum suum ·scilicet· dínouour cum paucís de suís · anglicís rei euentum nescientibus occulte fugít · Anglicí uero milites munímentís ferreís níchil formidantes se muníerunt arma illa non potuerunt eos tuerí plusquam uestes línee · quia ín eís spem et eorum superbiam posuerunt plusquam in deo · armati uero milites íníto consilío uersus kardigaun audacter iter aripientes · nichilque tímentes · walenses undique de siluís contra eos uiriliter dímicauerunt · et a prima hora dieí usque ad merid(i)em de nemoribus contra anglicos pugnauerunt · et apud coeth llatheu[40] anglici omnia uictualía · omnes caballos · arma et necessaría eorum portantes et omnes palefridos ibidem amíserunt · et walense{s}[41] propter hoc leci fuerunt · Circa horam uero merídieí ad kemereu pugnando peruenientes et predicti walenses cum dei auxilío inter armatos anglicos irruerunt et de equis armatís ínclitos saxones uíriliter prostrauerunt et eos sub pedibus · equítum · peditum et equorum ín morís et in fossis et ín uallibus conculcauerunt et plus quam tria milia saxonum in illa die occubuerunt · pauci uero aut nulli de armacís[42] milicibus de illo bello euaserunt · et walenses cum magna victoría et spoliís et equis multis lorícatís et armís ínímicorum deo gratias agentes · sani et íncolumes ad propria redierunt · Dominica sancte trinítatís apud goeriam de anglicís ·cc· uiri ceciderunt · sex viri minus · et vi· mulieres occise sunt · In híís uero diebus · quidam nobiles uirí ·scilicet· guín filíus madoc et uírí de arustlí uillas iuxta castelbaldewín per noctem combusserunt et retro per diem cum preda magna usque iuxta gurnegof perueníentes ibi omnes fortes uirí de castelbaldwín eís occurrerunt et fuít inter eos pugna ualida et tandem deo adíuuante walenses preualuerunt et anglicos in fuga verterunt · eodem die de anglicís ·c xxx· uirí fortissími de castelbaldwin ceciderunt 

[c578] Annus. Interfecti sunt plures anglici et Wallenses partem anglorum fouentes apud Kemmereu in estrad tewy in uigilia sancte trinítatis[43] . ducibus ex parte anglorum domino stephano bauthun ex parte Wallensium maredut filio resi . et maredut filio oweyn .

[d67] Anno. mo. CC. luii. Ricardus Comes frater Regis Anglie eligitur in regem alemanie . et in die ascensionis coronatur .[44] Eodem anno Rex duxit exercitum in Walliam . Item eodem anno inundacio subita aquam eru(m)pit . Idus Iulii . ut domos muros et arbores prosterneret . et fena impetu aquarum sublata pontes fregerunt plures.

[e50 1257] Annus . mus . ccus . lviius. Rícardus Comes frater regis anglie elígítur ín regem Alemaníe .[45] et ín die ascencíonís coronatur .[46] eodem anno rex duxít exercítum ín walliam .[47] Item eodem anno ínundacío subíta aque erupít . Idibus Iulíí . ut fontes . domos  muros et arbores prosterneret . et fena ímpetu aquarum sublata . pontes fregerunt plures .[48] Hoc anno ínterfectí fuerunt . multí walenses apud kemereu . ín uígilía trinítatís ín stratewẏ .[49] Item dominus patricíus[50] et walterus malenfaunt . interfectí fuerunt apud kilgarran .[51]

[b1279 1258] Anus ·m·cc·lviii ·

die lune proxima post octauas pasche · armati uíri de penbrok et de Ros magnam predam summo mane acceperunt de kemmeís et duos optímates ibidem occiderunt ·scilicet· Wilím techo et henri goeth · homines uero de kemmeís et de plumauc cum clamoribus magnís circa anglicos undique fuerunt congregatí et viriliter · contra eos pungnauerunt[52] · tandem domino adíuuante walenses preualuerunt et ante walenses anglica terga uerterunt · equos arma · spolia · et multa cadauera mortuorum et predam in illa die reliquerun{t}[53] Inter quos henrí · wíngan constabularius de erbert et filíus philippí de brut cum ínnumerabilibus anglicís in illo bello ceciderunt · walenses cum gaudío et triumpho magno et cum multís capcíuís[54] ad propria redierunt · gratias semper deo de uictoría agentes · Post non multum tempus maredut filius Resi crẏch omagium et fidelitatem domino regí fecit · walenses propter hoc ualde irati fuerunt et dominus lewelinus filíus grifut et omnes sudwalenses cum magno excercitu ad terram predicti maredut de stratewẏ accesserunt et eam omnio preter castra e(i)us sibi subiugauerunt postea apud kedweli walenses castra metati sunt · domos et uillas preter castrum kedweli combusserunt dominus maredut et dominus patríc cum multís armatís anglicís de kermerdín ín walensibus subito irruerunt et pugna ualida inter eos fuít et de walensibus et de anglicís quidam fuerunt wlneratí quidam occísí et dominus maredut iuxta pontem · wlnere pessímo fuít wlneratus · tandem walensibus preualentibus et relíctis ibidem corporibus anglicorum · maredut et anglicí ad uillam karmerdin cum magno dedecore fugerunt . Inter mortuos vir nobilis de arustlẏ dauid ap howel cecídít et apud stratam floridam cum magno planctu sepulture tradítur · Eodem anno circa natíuítatem beati Iohannis · baptiste · magna fuít discordia inter anglicos et francos ín regno anglíe · et anglici per consilium comítum baronum et optímatum tocius regní · omnes francos · de fínibus et termínís eorum eorum[55] expulerunt · de optímatibus uero et díuítibus anglíe de ueneno ex parte francorum facto · multi anglici perierunt · Preterea · dauid filius Grifíní íuuenís ín armís splendidissímus et in equo fortíssimus cum paucís de Nortwallía · et maredut filius oweín et Rís bechan cum magno excercitu per duos dies maẏnour castra metati fuerunt et tercía nocte ·scilicet· die mercurii proxima ante natíuitacem beate ·marie· castra sua iuxta kilgerran posuerunt · illo díe dominus maredut filíus Resi crich et dominus pacríc[56] senescallus domini regís cum omnibus armacís uirís de kedweli de kermerdín de pembrok de Ros et de kemeís apud aberteíuí cum magna superbia fuerunt congregatí · post horam uero nonam anglici de aberteíuí per acies suas usque kilgerran peruenerunt et iuxta uillam kilgerran anglici et walenses fortiter et crudeliter pugnauerunt tandem walenses dei auxilío preualuerunt et anglícos in fugam uerterunt et cadauera mortuorum cum equís armatís ibidem relinquentes · In illa hora inter mortuos dominus patríc · walter malifant miles fortís et strenuus de pembroc et alíi · milites nuper de anglía ueníentes turpíssíma morte corruerunt · maredut cum anglicís ad castellum kilgarran uíx euasít qui per infidelitatem suam totam walliam perturbauít · In anglia constituti sunt ·xii· pares[57]

[c579] Annus. Dominus patricius de chaurs et dominus walterus malenfaunt interfecti fuerunt apud kilgarran in autumpno[58] .

[d68] Anno. mo. CC. luiii. quartarium frumenti uendebatur pro . xx . solidis . et fuit fames maxi(m)a . Eodem anno prouisa sunt statuta et promulgata oxonie. Eodem anno scutagium . xl . solidorum . Anglis est impositum propter exercitum in Walliam.

[e51 1258] Annus . mus . ccus . lviiius. quartaríum frumentí uendebatur . pro . xx . solidis . et fuít fames magna ín terra .[59] eodem anno prouísa sunt statuta et promulgata oxoníe .[60] eodem anno scutagíum . xl . solidorum . anglís est ínposítum propter exercítum in wallia .[61]

[b1280 1259] Anus ·m·cc·lix ·

dominus lewelinus filius Grifíní consilium habuít cum nobilioribus wallíe apud arustilẏ et ibi d(i)e mercuríí · proxima ante pentecosten · conuictus fuít dominus maredut filíus Ris · de infidelitate et a dicto domino lewelíno tentus qui ín carcere fuít apud crukeid usque ad natale dominí proximum et tunc liberatus recipiendo ab ipso primogenítum ín obsidem et duo castella sua · dínewour et castellum nowid · cum duabus prouinciis eís adiacencibus · eodem anno circa festum sancti hilaríi idem dominus lewelinus cum magno excercitu accessít ad prouínciam de buelth quam dominus maredut filíus owini eidem domino ·l(ewelino)· concessít qui statím omnes dispersos eíusdem prouincíe reuocauít et letos ac hilares sub sua protectione dímisít · tendens inde usque ad uillam de dínbic in deued · eandem destruens et multa spolia capíens qui habuit in excercítu suo ibidem · cc xl equos loricatos cum íumentís nudís et pedestri incomparabili multitudíne ·

[c580] Annus.

[d69] Anno mo. CC. lix. Ricardus Rex allemannie . rediit in Angliam. Eodem anno Rex. H(enricus). transfretauit . et dies natalicios celebrauit parisiis quo tempore reddidit Regi francie Normanniam . et alias terras.

[e52 1259] [62]Annus . mus . ccus . lixus. bdiscordía orta est ínter regem et barones propter statuta mínime obseruata . Sẏmon de monte fortí dux baronum exstítít .[63]

[b1281 1260] Anus· m·cc·lx

In die sancti georgií martirís combusta est uilla de trefetland a dominis de kerí et de kedewic · eodem anno die sancti kenelmí martiris tres uigiles anglici nacione qui custodiebant castellum de buelth tradiderunt hominibus illud domini lewelíni filíi grifíní circa fínem noctís pro magna summa pecuníe et hoc fuít propter odíum infernale quod dicti uigiles habebant · erga notarium eíusdem castelli qui erat anglicus quo audito et díuulgato statím Resus bechan cum suo excercitu et omnes nobiles et bene ín armís ualentes fere tocius sudwallíe venerunt et statím vnanímí et communí consilío quicquid cremabile erat ín illo castello igní tradiderunt lapides uero soletenus[64] destruxerunt · ita quod ín breui lapís super lapidem ibidem non possit reperirí · venít etiam tunc dominus owinus filius mareduc cum suís omnibus fidelibus et subiectís ad pacem et fidelitatem domini lewelíní qui statím madocum filium dicti owíní de carcere liberauít et liberum tradidít et centum tres libras eidem donauít · Eodem etiam anno círca kalendas augustí íurate sunt trenge[65] per duos annos inter dominum regem et regnum ex vna parte et dominum lewelínum et suos ex altera parte ita quod síne transgressione treugarum liceat eidem lewelíno defendere se et sua contra omnes uolentes[66] literas treugas tenere uel firmas habere · Eodem anno dominus edwardus primogenítus henrici regís perrexit ad trans marínas partes cum flore íuuentutís tocius regní ubi tenuít torneamentum contra gallos qui vnanimiter conuenerunt et dictum dominum edwardum cum suís de campo uírtute díssímilí ire propulerunt et omnes quos habebant generosos sonipedes cum rebus alíís dicti gallí sibi uendicauerunt et hoc semel et bis et iterum (.) Idem uero dominus edwardus redíít in anglíam et ínuenít patrem suum ín alba turre londonie tímuerat ·enim · sibi · a · xíi · paribus quorum prouidencíe comiserat regnum gubernandum et hoc eum ualde penítuerat · Item eodem anno tartarí occupauerunt Ierosolímitanum regnum · destructís omnibus regnís orientis et interfectis omnibus saracenís uenerunt etiam usque ad fínes romaní imperí quorum tímor occupauerat omnem christianitatem

[c581] Annus. Interfecti fuerunt plures Walenses apud Lanhuadeyn in uígilia beati laurentíí . Et fugati fuerunt franci de anglia .

[d70] Anno. mo. CC. lx. discordia orta est inter Reges et Barones[67] propter statuta[68] minime obseruata . Symon de monteforti dux baronum extitit .

[e53 1260] [69]Annus . Mus . CCus . lxus. aRicardus rex Alema(n)íí[70] . ín Anglíam redíít .[71] eodem anno . rex . H(enricus) . transfretauít et díes natalícíos celebrauít parísiis . quo tempore reddidít regí francie . Normaniam . et alías terras .[72] hoc anno ínterfectí fuerunt multí[73] walenses apud lawaden[74] ín uígilia beati laurencíí . et fugatí fuerunt francí de anglia .[75]

[b1282 1261] Anus ·m·cc lxi · In octauis beate marie ·scilicet· natíuicatís[76] · obiit grifinus abbas de cumhír

[c582] Annus.

[d71] Anno. mo. CC. lxi. Alexander papa obiit . uiii . kalendas . Iunii . successit urbanus quo fuerat patriarcha in ierosolim . Eodem anno Senchia regina Alemannie obiit . Item eodem anno Ricardus Cicestrensis canonizatus est .

[e54 1261] Annus . mus . ccus . lxius. alexander papa obíít . viiio . kalendas . Iuníí .[77] successít urbanus qui fuerat patriarcha ín íerosolimam . eodem anno senchía regína alemanie . obíít .[78] Item eodem anno cícestrensis episcopus . scilicet . rícardus . canonízatus est .[79]

[b1283 1262] Anus ·m·cc lxii ·

In estate flos militum anglíe Gilbertus comes de clare ueneno interíít apud doroberníam .[80] Eodem anno ín uigilia sancti andree apostoli per industriam hominum de maelenít captum deuastatum fuít castellum de keuenellís (.) Eodem etiam die captum fuit castellum de bledvach et destructum · tunc domínus Rogerus et humfrei de Bun íuníor cum flore íuuentutís tocius marchíe intrauerunt ruínosos muros de keuenlís cum magno apparatu molientes restaurare fracturas murorum · Quod audiens dominus lewelínus filíus grifíní prínceps wallíe conducens secum omnes nobiliores wallíe ac{c}essít[81] ad eos et círcumspecta obsidíone uallauít ipsos quousque fame et ínedia ducti pecierunt[82] sibí cum armís tamen ínermes licenciam recedendí quod píus prínceps pietate[83] ductus concedens · factum est autem cum essent oweín filíus madoc et pars excercítus ceperunt castrum de conoclas ín uigilia sancti thome apostolí non vi aut bello sed castrenses metu[84] perterrití reddiderunt se cum castro pre tímore machinarum ·  ceperunt etiam castellum de trefecland[85] de Nortun et de llanondras

[c583] Annus. Magna fuit discordia ínter dominum eadwardum filium h(enrici) regis anglie primogenítum et barones anglie . Et lewelinus princeps nortwallie tenuit se ex parte baronum .

[d72] Anno. mo. CC. lxii. Henricus Rex transfretauit in Gallias . xiiii . kalendas . Augusti et parisius infirmabatur . Eodem anno[86] Ricardus Comes[87] glouernie obiit .

[e55 1262] Annus . mus . ccus . lxiius. henricus rex transfretauít ín gallías . xiiiio . kalendas . Augusti . et parísíus[88] ínfirmabatur .[89] eodem anno ricardus comes glouerníe obíít .[90] hoc anno[91] magna fuít díscordía ínter dominum regem Anglie . et barones anglie et lewelinus princeps wallie fuít cum baronibus .[92]

[b1284 1263] Anus .m.cc.lxííí .

Quínto kalendarum maíí apud clunow · ínterfecti fuerunt ad mínus centum virí inter quos cecidit lewelinus filíus maredut flos íuuentutís tocius wallíe · erat enim strenuus et fortís ín armís largus in donís et ín consilíís dandís prouidus et omnibus amabilís (.) Eodem anno ín estate coadunati sunt omnes comítes et barones fere omnes cum domino · lewelino príncipe contra edwardum et ceperunt o(mn)ia[93] castella et vniuersas cíuitates tocius anglie excepto castello wíndelesor et dominus lewelinus cum magno excercitu et apparatu accessít ad castrum de disserth circa kalendas augustí et illud bello cepít et statím solotenus destruxit ita ut non ibi lapís super lapidem in breui inuenire(t)ur · Cepít etiam die sancti michaelis castellum de diganwẏ in regno fortissímum prout wlgariter dicebatur non vi aut bello · sed castellaní acerrima acerbitate et amaritudíne famís afflícti consilium ínierunt cum dicto principe de uita sibi seruanda se ipsos cum castro eidem dantes . intantum ·enim· afflixerat eos famís acerbitas quod oportuít eos ínedía ducti famem extínguere carnibus equorum et etíam canum suorum ut fidem domino regi seruarent illesam quod si pro rege celesti facerent mercedem meruissent habere eternam (.) Eadem etiam estate uenít dominus Grifínus filíus wenonwen ad pacem domini lewelíni · faciens ei omagium humiliter genu flexo qui restituít omnes terras suas quas idem princeps antea occupauerat  (.) Idem uero grifinus assumens secum omnes uíros et ballíuos de powís castrum de weidgrut debellauit cepít et solo adequauít ·

In fínem uero ip(s)ius anní venerunt plures barones sibí coadunatís ad dominum lewelínum et castellum de redenor ceperunt et solotenus cum tota uilla destruxerunt · dominus uero edwardus cum magno excercítu accessít ad castella de huntíntun et haia cum villulís adiacentibus cepít et domino Rogero de mortuo marí ad custodiendum tradidít · Eodem uero anno occísi sunt multi iudeorum usque ad d·cc· et amplíus et reliqui spoliatí ·

[c584] Annus.

[b1285 1264] Anus m·cc·lxiiii · orta fuít dissensío inter cistercienses et clarauallenses que tamen in curia romana termínabatur et dusciebatur .

[c585] Annus. Captus fuit h(enricus) rex anglie et eadwardus filius eius primogenitus in bello apud Lewes[94] . et rex alemanníe Ricardus frater regis h(enrici) et alíí plures barones . Et multi londonienses fuerunt interfecti .

 

[c586] Annus. visa fuít stella cometa ín francia[95] .  ~

[d73] Anno. mo. CC. lxiiii. Guerra facta est in Anglia .[96] Barones et Londonienses . Iudaismum londonie spoliauerunt multis[97] interfectis . Eodem anno fuit bellum apud lewes . ii . Idus maii . Eodem anno Cometa aparuit in parte orientali . urbanus papa obiit . cui successit Guido . et dictus est Clemens .

[e56 1264] Annus . mus . ccus . lxiiiius.[98] Gwerra facta est ín anglia .[99] barones et londonienses . Iudaísmum londonie spolíauerunt multis ínterfectís .[100] eodem anno fuít bellum apud lewes . íí . Idus . maíí .[101] eodem cometa aperuít ín parte oríentalí .[102] vrbanus papa obíít .[103] cuí successít Guẏdo et díctus est clemens .[104] hoc anno[105] captus fuít rex henricus apud lewes ín bello . et ricardus rex Alemanie . et alíí multi[106] barones .[107] et multí Londoníenses ínterfectí fuerunt[108] .[109]

[b1286 1265] Anus m·cc lxv · 

Idus Iuníí edwardus filius regis ·h(enrici)· euasít de custodía comitís leicestríe ab harfordie apud wigomore venitque ad ·G(ilbert)· de de[110] clare comitem · gloucestrie apud lodolow · dictus comes leicestrie uillam cepít et castrum de monum · et castrum de vsqum et castrum et pontem de nouo burgo fregít

[d74] Anno. mo. CC. lxu. Quo anno Karolus comes Andegauie electus est in Regem Cicilie et Apulie. Eodem anno . iio . Nonas . Augusti . die martis commisso prelio ex(t)ra Euesham ubi occiditur Symon de monteforti et alii multi .

[e57 1265] Annus . mus . ccus . lxvus.[111] eo anno . karolus comes Andegauie electus est ín regem Císilíe et Apulie .[112] eodem anno . ii . nonas Augustí . díe marcís commisso prelío extra Euesham occidítur sẏmon de monte fortí et alíí multí .[113]

[b1287 1266] Anus ·m·cc·lxvi ·

I(ohannes) · de heyuilo[114] · et alíí exheredatí intrauerunt et ceperunt ínsulam de Elẏ · eodem anno per consilíum et assensum regís adíudicatí sunt terrís suis omn(ibus)[115] exheredatí íta videlícet quod extenderentur terre eorum et secundum ualorem terrarum facerent reddere porcionem suam alíi per quinquenníum alíi per ·iiii· annos · alíí per trienníum alíí per biennium · alíi per annum secundum quod maius uel mínus deliquerunt ·

[d75] Anno. mo. CC. lxui.

Inchoata est obsidio Castri de Kenelword[116]. In festo sancti Iohannis baptiste . et redditum est Regi in die sancte lucie uirginis . Eodem anno occupata est insula Hely a quibusdam exheredatis et aliis malefactoribus qui incendia multa commiserunt .

[e58 1266] Annus . mus . ccus . lxvius. ínchoata est obsídío castrí de kenelẏngworð . ín festo sancti Iohannis baptiste et redditum est regí ín díe sancte Lucíe uírgínís .[117] eodem anno occupata est ínsula de Elẏ a quibusdam exheredatís et alíís malefactoribus quí íncendia multa commíserunt .[118] [119]

[b1288 1267] Anus ·m·cc·lxvii ·

·vi· idus marcií · G(ilbert)· comes glouerníe cum magno excercitu per cautelam intrauít ín cíuitatem londonie · domino · O(to)· legato existente in turri londonie . vbi tenuít comes pascha suum contra uoluntatem regís · cum autem dominus rex hoc íntellexisset · duxit excercitum suum londoniam et apud stratfordam fixít tentoria sua · ubi moram fecít per · x · septimanas vnde ibidem de pace reformanda multum elaboratum est ita quod quoda(m)modo pax est reformata et multí de exheredatís uersus dominum regem pacificati sunt ·

[b1289 1268] Anus ·m·cc·lxviii ·

Oto legatus celebrauit consilium suum londonie · et iiii · ides iulii iter aripuít repatriandi

[b1290 1269] Anus m·cclxíx

[b1291 1270] Anus ·m·cclxx ·

obiit · Resus filíus domini mareducí[120] cuius corpus cum fletibus multis sepulture traditur ·

~ Et duxit rex lodouicus suggestione fratris sui caroli regis cicilie[121]

 

[c587] Annus.

Lodouicus rex francie apud tunes in arabia obiit . et plures nobiles francie[122] .

 

[c588] Annus.

[c589] Annus.

[c590] Annus.

[c591] Annus.

[c592] Annus.

Ricardus de carreu episcopus meneuensis iuít in franciam in contínenti post pascha . et perhendínauít apud Rungy prope ciuitatem parysiensem .

[b1292 1271] Anus ·m·cclxxi ·

obiit Iohannes filius edwardí primogenitus qui in custodia domini regis alemannie existebat · et sepultus est apud westmonasterium ·[123]

[c593] Annus. Redíít Ricardus episcopus in Walliam circa ascensionem dominí .

[b1293 1272] Anus ·m·cc·lxxii ·

obíít henricus rex anglie · anno regní suí ·lvii ·[124]

[c594] Annus. Henricus rex anglie obiit[125] . Cuí edwardus filius suus successit .

[b1294 1273] Anus m·cc·lxxiii ·

[b1294.1] obiit dominus mareducus filius resí

[b1295 1274] Anus ·m·cclxxiiii ·

dominus Edwardus post obitum patris suí de fraancia[126] circa kalendas augustí ad angliam profectus est[127] et vbi honorífíce cum magno tripudío susceptus et ad londoníam ductus · et apud we{st} monasterium[128] coronatus ·

Item eodem anno dominus grifínus filius wenunwen powisíe dominus totam terram suam reliquít qui angliam profectus est et a rege edwardo benigne comendatus et hoc propter persecucionem nortwalensium relinquens filium suum owínum penes principem lewelínum in custodia liberalí

[c595] Annus.[129] Celebratum fuit concilium generale apud lugdunum sub gregorio papa . x°. circa festum natíuítatis beati iohannis baptiste . Et fuít ibi statutum de decíma omnium prouentuum ecclesiasticorum reddenda per sex annos sequentes in subsidium terre sancte[130] . et etiam commende perpetue reuocate . et plura alia statuta restrictíva et penalia fuerunt ibidem edita . Magister iohannes de fekeham archidiaconus brechoníe obiit . cui successit magister henricus de villa amlof .

Coronatus est edward rex anglie[131] .

[d76] Anno. m.[132] lxxiii. Rediit .E(dwardus). rex anglie de Acon et de Wasconia in Angliam et coronatus est apud westmonasterium in octaba Assumptionis beate uirginis .[133]

 

[d77] Anno. mo. lxxiiiio. fuit celebratum concilium g(e)nerale apud lugdunum . sub gregorio papa . xo . uidelicet circa festum natiuitatis beati Iohannis baptiste et fuit statutum ibi de decima colligenda pro subsidio terre sancte .[134]

[b1296 1275] Anus ·m·cc·lxxv ·

Statuít rex in suo primo parliamento suo post coronacionem suam multa statuta apud westmonasterium ·

[c596] Annus. Inceptum fuit feretrum beati dauid in ecclesia meneuensi .

[b1297 1276] Anus m·cclxxvi ·

hoc anno venít paganus filíus patricíí de chauard cum magno excercitu ad uillam de karmerdin et subiugauít domino regí anglíe totam terram de stratewí et de kardigan et uastauit omnia castella eiusdem prouincie ·

omnes barones sudwallie anglie intrauerunt et omagium domino regi anglie fecerunt

[c597] Annus.[135] Incepit Gwerra in westwallia inter homines de estratewy et de cadwely . et interfectus fuit dominus herueus de chaurs in autumpno .

[d78] Anno. mo. CC. lxxui. incepit Guerra in Wallia inter homines de stratewi . et de Kedweli . et interfectus fuit dominus herui de chauuoarz in autumpno .[136]

[b1298 1277] Anus ·m·cc·lxxvíí ·

venít illustrís rex anglie · dominus · E(dwardus) cum magno excercítu ad nortwalliam · et apud rutlan castra metatus est ibique per aliquot dies moratus est deinde uenít ad eum dominus ·l(ewelinus) · princeps norwallie · et ibidem confederati sunt et pax inter eos formata est · postea uero dominus ·e(dwardus)· rex cum suís angliam petíít et edificatum est castellum apud llan padarn · super mare a domino · edmundo · h(enrici) · regis íuníori filío ·

[c598] Annus.[137] Venít eadwardus rex anglie . in manu forti in northwalliam ad gwa gwerrandum contra lewelínum filium grifud principem northwallie in estate . Et eadmundus frater regis uenít in westwalliam . et incepit construere castrum apud lanpadarn vaur . et dominus rex incepit construere castrum apud Rudlan . Et uenít dictus eadmundus apud sanctum dauid causa peregrinationis . Et concordes facti sunt rex et princeps in octaba beati martíní hyemalis .

[d79] Anno. mo. CC. lxxuii. Uenit Eduuardus rex Anglie in Northwalliam ad bellandum contra lewelinum principem in estate . Et Eadmundus frater Regis uenit in manu forti in westwalliam et incepit construere uillam apud lampardarn uaur (.) et concordes facti sunt . Rex et l(ewelinus). princeps in octaba beati martini hyemalis .

[c599] Annus.[138] Duxit leuuelínus princeps nortwallie filiam comítis symonis de monte forti . Magister henricus de villa amlof obiit cui archidiaconus brechoníe obiit . cui successit magister adam bareth thesaurarius meneuensis . cuí ade successit in thesauraria Robertus de hauerfordia rector ecclesie de lanvenyth . et fuít installatus . viii°. idus septembris .

[d80] Anno. mo. CC. lxxuiii. duxit .L(ewelinus). princeps Northuuallie. filiam comitis Symonis de monteforti .

[c600] Annus.[139] Facta fuít noua moneta ueteri propter eius dímínutionem destructa regnante eadwardo rege anglie

[d81] Anno. mo. CC. lxxix. fuit facta noua moneta regnante eduardo rege.[140] ~

 

 

~  Obiit Ricardus Episcopus meneuensis prima die Aprilis et fuit sepultus in Ecclesia meneuie . die beati Ambrosii. Electus fuit Thomas Bekis . iiii . Nonas . Iunii . et confirmatus pridie . Nonas . Iulii . et consecratus pridie . Nonas . Octobris . Eodem anno collecta fuit quintadecima regia de duobus annis sequentibus.

[c601] Annus. Ricardus de carreu episcopus meneuensis kalendas aprilis obiit[141] . et sepultus est in ecclesia meneuensi prope altare sancte crucis a parte australi die beati ambrosíí . Electus fuit magister thomas beke . iii . nonas Iuníí . et confirmatus pridie nonas Iulíí per iohannem de pecham de ordine mínorum in abbatia de stanlowe prope cestriam . et consecratus pridie nonas octobris apud lyncolniam[142] . Electus est magister petrus de exonia archidyaconus meneuensis in episcopum exoniensem[143] . cuí successit in archidyaconatu Robertus thesaurarius meneuensis . cui roberto successit in thesauraria Willelmus de burrethe canonicus meneuensis . Concessa fuít regi quintadecíma prouentuum ecclesiasticorum ad subsidium in regno anglie per triennium . 

[c602] Annus.[144] Celebratum fuit concilium prouinciale apud lambheth londoniis sub fratre iohanne de pecham archiepiscopo cantuariensi nonas octobris conuocato ad hoc clero totius prouíncie . et statuta plura edita et publicata perenalia tamen[145] .

Magna morína ouium fuit que íncepit in anno precedenti .

[d82] Anno. mo. CC. lxxxi. Celebratum fuit concilium prouinciale apud Lambeheythe sub fratre Iohanne de pecham de ordine minorum Archiepiscopo  Cantuariensi. Nonas octobris . Conuocato ad hoc clero tocius prouincie et statuta edita et publita .

[b1299 128-] Anus ·m·cclxxx(ii)[146] . lewelinus ·filius· grifíni occisus est ab anglis · fraude suorum ·[147]

E(dwardus)· rex totam snoudoniam subiugauit · castrum aberconwi edíficatum est

[c603] Annus.[148] Destructum fuit castrum regis apud lanpadarnvaur et captum castrum de lanamdeuery et castrum de carregkennen per dauid filium leuuelíní grifud fratrem L(ewelini) principis northwallie . Resum vechan filium resi filii mailgonís . griffinum et cananum filios maredut filíí oweíni . griffinum et lewelínum filios resi vechan dominos deyskennen . in crastino annunciationis dominíce . Et ínterfectus fuít Willelmus de ualencíís íuníor heres penbrochie in estratewy . xvi . kalendas Iulíí . Willelmus de burrethe thesaurarius meneuensis obiit . iiii°. kalendas aprilis . Lewelinus princeps northwallie interfe cui successit Iohannes de barry . Lewelinus princeps northwallie interfectus fuit in bello prope lanueyr in buelth . iii°. Idus decembris[149] . Cuí uxor sua filia comítís symonís estate precedente peperit filiam . et in pariendo mortua est . Que filia postea per regem edwardum congnatum matris sue una cum nutrice sua capta : míssa est in angliam nutrienda . Magna morína hominum .

[d83] Anno. mo. CC. lxxxii. Destructum fuit castrum Regis apud lampadarn uaur et captum Castrum de Lamnduuery et castrum de Kerinkennin per Dauid fratrem lewelini principis Northwallie in crastino anunciationis dominice . Et interfectus fuit Willielmus de ualenciis. heres Penbris. in stratewi . xui . Kalendas . Iulii . Item eodem anno interfectus fuit lewelinus princeps Northwallie prope lamueyr buelth . iiio . Idus decembris .

[b1300 1283] Anus ·m·cc lxxxiii ·

dauid cum duobus filiis uxore et filiabus capti sunt fraude nepotum[150]

[c604] Annus.[151] Captus fuít dauid frater L(ewelini) princepis northwallie per dolum suorum circa festum natiuítatis . beati iohannis baptiste et incarceratus et in crastino beati míchaelis sequentis apud slopesburiam distractus et suspensus . et in . iiiior . partes díuísus capite amputato[152] . quod ad londonias portatum fuit et ibi in alta turri fixum una cum capite cum l(ewelini) fratris suí . Quarteria uero eius fuerunt suspensa . vnum apud slopesburiam . aliud apud lincolniam . tertium apud bristollum vbi filíí suí duo ín carcere tenebantur . quartum apud Wyntoniam . Tenti autem fuerunt griffut et canan filii maredut . resus paruus filius res filii mailgonis . griffut et leuuelín filii res vechan . howel filius res frater maredut filii res . et omnes íncarcerati apud london(iam) . Resus filius maredut dominus de estratewy tenuít cum domino rege . quapropter terras suas tenuit et ampliores ex dono domini regis accepit . omnibus alíís a suis terris exheredatis . Maredut filius gurwared archidiaconus de karmerdyn obiit . cuí successit magister iohannes de alderby . Ecclesia de langadauc facta est colleg(iate)[153] .

[d84] Anno. mo. CC. lxxxiii. Captus fuit Dauid frater Lewelini principis Northwallie circa festum Natalis beati Iohannis baptiste . et incarceratus in crastino beati michaelis proximo sequentis apud ssrosebure distractus et suspensus . et in . iiiior. partes diuisus . capite amputato .

[c605] Anno.[154] Visitauit iohannes de pecham archiepiscopus cantuariensis dyoceses meneuensem . Landauensem . bangorensem . asaphensem . Incepit autem uisitare in ecclesia meneuensi . vi°. Idus íulíí . Eodem anno reedificauít rex eadwardus castrum de lanpadarnvaur . Et incepit edificare castrum apud aberconoe . et fecit munítiones apud bangor et apud Kayraruon . Et uenít dictus rex causa peregrinationis apud sanctum dauid vna cum domina regína anglie nomine elianora die dominica in crastino beati katerine uirgínis . Et mensure bladi et víní et ceterorum liquorum et pondera redacta fuerunt ad ínstar mensurarum et ponderum cíuítatis londoniensis . Villa hauerfordia recuperauít libertates suas coram iusticiaríís domini regis apud hauerfordiam pro tribunali sedentibus quibus dominus Willelmus de valencia comes penbrochie ipsam villam díu spoliauerat et detínuerat spoliatam . Obiit martinus papa[155] .[156]

[d85] Anno. mo. CC. lxxxiiii. Uisitauit Iohannes Archiepiscopus Cantuariensis Ecclesias et dyoceses . Assauenses . Bangorenses . meneuenses . Et incepit in Ecclesia meneuie uisitare . ui . Idus . Iulii . Eodem anno Reedificauit Rex Eduuardus. Castrum de lampadarn uaur et uenit apud meneuiam . causa peregrinacionis una cum Domina Regina nomine Elianora dominica die in crastino beate Katerine uirginis . Et mensure facte sunt ad instar mensurarum Londonie . Uilla hauerfordia recuperauit libertates suas . quibus dominus .W(illielmus). de Ualencia. Comes. Pembris eandem spoliauerat . Karolus rex Cisilie amisit regnum suum per petrum Arragonie .

[c606] (A)nnus.[157] Philippus rex francie filius lodouící regis mortuus est[158] et pars magna exercitus eius in arragonía in yspanía[159] . cui successit filius suus Phylippus[160] in regnum francie . et coronatus fuit in festo epiphanie proxímo sequenti[161] .

[d86] Anno. mo. CC. lxxxuo. Phillipus rex francie amisit plures de exercitu suo pugnando contra Petrum Arragonie. Eodem anno Idem Phillipus mense Octobris apud Tolosam obiit . et maxima pars exercitus sui cecidit . Cui successit[162]

[b1301 1286] Anus ·m·cc·lxxxvi ·

combustío domorum apud stratam floridam ·[163]

[c607 1286] Annus. Mus.ccus.lxxxvius . In crastíno annunciationis dominíce concessum fuít subsidium magnum Thome becke episcopo meneuensi de tota dyocesi sua ad expedienda quedam negocia tangentia clerum erga magistrum Giffridum nuncium domini pape in regno anglie . Eadwardus rex anglie transfretauít in franciam[164] et fuít nobilissime receptus parysius a rege philippo filio philippi congnati suí . et índe íuít in vasconiam et intrauít burdegalensem cíuítatem  . et ibi plures burgenses sibi contrarios morti tradi fecit . et prehendínauít in partibus illis usque ad[165]

[c608] (A)nnus.[166] Resus filius maredut dominus de Estratewy mota discordia inter ipsum . et dominum Robertum tybetot tunc iusticiarum regis de Karmerdyn die dominica proxima ante festum beati barnabe apostoli cepit castra de lanamdeuery . de dynewr . et de carregkennen . et postea combussit villam de sweynese et manerium de ost Osterlof . cum maiori parte patrie et villa de Lanpadarnvaur et villam de karmerdyn usque ad portas . Aduen(t)ientes autem anglici de anglia in forti manu : castrum ipsius Resi de deresloyn obsederunt circa gulam augusti . et tandem muros subfodiendo castrum ceperunt . in qua subfossione oppressus est sub muro dominus Willelmus de montchenesy baro cum alíís pluribus . et captum est castrum nouum super teyui . et recuperata castra per resum prius occupata . et euasit resus cum paucis omnibus hominibus suis ad pacem regis uenientibus . Die dominica in crastino omnium sanctorum de nocte recuperauít res castrum suum quod dicitur nouum castrum capto Rogero de mortuo mari ipsius castri custode . circa purificationem prox(imum) sequentem cepit dominus Robertus typetot idem castrum pluribus ex ipsius custodibus necatis . Eodem anno die iouís sero . xííí . kalendas íulíí luna in principio noctis uisa est rubicunda íntense . et postea eodem colore durante : dímínuta est quasi ad ínstar míníme stelle . et sic decrescendo ín fíne quasi euanuít . Eodem anno . xva . die martíí fuít terremotus .

[c609 1288] (A)nnus.[167] mus.ccus.lxxxviiius. secundo die aprilis hora nona facta est eclypsis solis in superiori parte solis ut uidebatur . intrans substantiam solis . ita quod quasi uidebatur sol habere duo cornua sursum eleuata . et durauít sic usque ad horam uesperarum[168] .

[c610] (A)nnus.[169]

[1] JdT (the Bury St Edmunds Chronicle of John de Taxster, London, British Library, Cotton MS Julius A. i, ff. 3r–43v) has in gallias here. The ‘Crusade’ of the Pastoureaux (see Jackson 2009) was a mass movement led by an obscure figure known as the ‘Master of Hungary’.

[2] 26 December 1251 (HBC).

[3] For montium.

[4] Error for Burdigaliam (Bordeaux)?

[5] 6 August 1253 – 27 December 1254 (HBC); see also b1275.1 below.

[6] 6 August 1253 (HBC)

[7] Robert Grosseteste. Died before 9 October 1253 (HBC).

[8] October 1254 (HBC).

[9] 24 April 1254 (Runciman, HC3).

[10] 27 December 1254 (HBC).

[11] The future King Edward I, created Earl of Chester 14 February 1254 (HBC).

[12] JdT has francorum here.

[13] Spring 1254.

[14] 27 December 1254 (HBC).

[15] Innocent IV, died 7 December 1254 (HD).

[16] E has 1248 for 1249 and omits the years 1250–3.

[17] tristicia overwritten in black ink, very probably by the same hand that takes over half-way through e48.3.

[18] Noted in P 1254, first item, and c574.1; not in B. b1275.1–2 = second and third items of P 1254. From here, E shows little or no similarity to B or to P, R & S.

[19] sz in MS. Possibly in error for scz (scilicet).

[20] 11 July 1255 (HBC).

[21] 11 July 1255 (HBC).

[22] I.e. Owain Goch.

[23] Paraphrased in P 1255, third item, and b1276.2; not in C. The account in E is substantially different to those in B, P, R & S, which are all parallel.

[24] Recte Pope Innocent IV, 7 December 1254 (HD). (Above the line in another hand: et creatus est alexander. D has an obit for Innocent IV s.a. mo . CC. liiii.) Not in B, C, P, R or S.

[25] There is a change of hand and ink (from red to black) here in the MS.

[26] = c575.1 (partial); P 1255, item six. C adds cui successit magister Ricardus de Karreu theologus et phylosophus optimus. 11 July 1255 (HBC).

[27] = d66.2; noted in b1275.3. Not in C, P, R or S.

[28] = d66.3; noted in b1275.1 and c574.2. 27 December 1254 (HBC). Not in P, R or S.

[29] For potius.

[30] I.e. Gwrtheyrnion?

[31] 13 January 1257. A marginal note in a later hand concerning Richard’s election: Electio Ricardi comitis Cornubie in Imperatorem.

[32] 11 February × 10 March 1256 (HBC).

[33] = c576.1 (partial); C has apud romam a domino papa; P 1256, second item (= R & S, paraphrase). 11 Feb. × 10 Mar. 1256 (HBC).

[34] = c576.2 to in Wallia.

[35] Recte baronibus.

[36] píma in MS; possibly prima was intended? It is not the scribe’s usual contraction for proxima.

[37] Recte abbatie.

[38] I.e. Baldwin's castle at Montgomery, here abbreviated as castell. balw. See b1278.10 below, where it appears as both castelbaldewin and castelbaldwin.

[39] Recte sabbati.

[40] Recte llanarthneu (DPNW, s.n. Llanarthne).

[41] The last letter of this word is blotted, but almost certainly an ‘s’.

[42] Or read armatis?

[43] June 1257 (Maund 2006).

[44] 17 May 1257.

[45] Paraphrased in b1277.6 (one of B’s extracts from Cotton MS Vespasian E. iv).

[46] = d67.1. Below the end of the column on separate lines are two notes in a cursive hand, the first noting the death of Pope Innocent III, the second the knighting of Prince Edward. Noted in b1277.6.

[47] = d67.2; P 1258 (1257 bis), fourth item.

[48] = d67.3 (D omits fontes).

[49] A shorter version of c578.1: Interfecti sunt plures anglici et Wallenses partem anglorum fouentes apud Kemmereu in estrad tewy in uigilia sancte trinítatis. ducibus ex parte anglorum domino stephano bauthun ex parte Wallensium maredut filio resi . et maredut filio oweyn . Perhaps noted in b1278.9. P 1257, second item (= R).

[50] C adds de chaurs .

[51] = c579.1 which adds in autumpno . Noted in 1279.4; P 1259, third item (1258)?

[52] Recte pugnauerunt.

[53] The last letter of this word blotted.

[54] I.e. captiuis.

[55] Dittograph in MS.

[56] Or read patric

[57] October 1258 (OHE Powicke, 137f.)

[58] 1258 (Lloyd 1912)

[59] = d68.1. A note in the left margin in red ink and cursive hand highlighting this famine.

[60] = d68.2. A note in the left margin in red ink and cursive hand highlighting the publication of the Provisions of Oxford.

[61] = d68.3.

[62] A b in the left margin indicates that the contents of this annal should appear under the following year. A small superscript b also appears, with an insertion mark, over the d of discordia.

[63] = d70.1; P 1259, second item (1258).

[64] Read solotenus.

[65] Sic in MS: i.e. treugae.

[66] Sic in MS: i.e. nolentes.

[67] magnates in JdT.

[68] Oxonie here in JdT.

[69] An a in the left margin indicates that the contents of this annal should appear under the previous year. A small superscript a also appears, with an insertion mark, between the punctus after the date and the R of Ricardus.

[70] Possibly a scribal error for Alemanie; but the form is comparable to laurencíí seven lines further down (see e53.3).

[71] = d69.1.

[72] = d69.2; P 1259, fourth item; 14 November 1259 (HBC).

[73] plures in C.

[74] Lanhuadeyn in C.

[75] = c581.1

[76] For natiuitatis.

[77] = d71.1. 25 May 1261 (HD).

[78] = d71.2. 9 November 1261.

[79] = d71.3 (d71.3 Item eodem anno Ricardus Cicestrensis canonizatus est).

[80] Recte Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, 6th Earl of Gloucester, died of suspected poisoning at John de Griol’s Manor of Asbenfield in Waltham, near Canterbury, 14 July 1262; interred first at Tonbridge, then at Tewkesbury Abbey.

[81] The third letter of this word is blotted.

[82] For petiuerunt.

[83] The final e not properly formed, looking more like a c.

[84] motu in MS, but the o has been altered with a long dash below and to the right.

[85] Recte trefeclaud.

[86] annno in MS.

[87] JdT has de clare here.

[88] Read parisiis.

[89] = d72.1, with the same error, parisius; 14 July 1262 (HBC).

[90] = d72.2; Noted in b1283.1; P 1262, first item. Probably 15 July 1262 (HBC).

[91] A note in a cursive hand at the foot of this column highlights the discord between King Henry III of England and Simon de Montfort and the barons (e52.1).

[92] c583.1 Magna fuit discordia inter dominum eadwardum filium h(enrici) regis anglie primogenitum et barones anglie . Et lewelinus princeps nortwallie tenuit se ex parte baronum.

[93] There is no contraction mark over oia.

[94] 14 May 1264 (Ridgeway 2004).

[95] July–October 1264 (Lynn 1905).

[96] Guerra statim secuta est per totam angliam in JdT.

[97] JdT has iudeis here.

[98] E omits 1263.

[99] = d73.1. A note in cursive script next to this annal in the right margin draws attention to the battle of Lewes.

[100] = d73.2.

[101] = d73.3. A fuller account in P 1264, first item.

[102] = d73.4.

[103] 2 October 1264 (HD).

[104] = d73.5.

[105] A note in cursive script next to this annal in the right margin; two words, now indecipherable.

[106] plures in C.

[107] = c585.1 (partial paraphrase; C, after henricus rex adds et eadwardus filius eius primogenitum in bello apud Lewes . . .); noted in P 1264, first item.

[108] fecti fuerunt inserted at the end of the next line; C, fuerunt interfecti.

[109] = c585.2.

[110] Dittograph in MS.

[111] A note in cursive script next to this annal in the right margin draws attention to the battle of Evesham.

[112] = d74.1 (Quo anno . . .).

[113] = d74.2 (ubi occiditur . . .); close to the right of these lines is a small geometric figure, perhaps suggestive of an armed man. Noted in greater detail in P 1265, first item.

[114] Recte deyvile (Luard ii, 371).

[115] There is a small lacuna in the vellum here obscuring the last part of this word.

[116] Kelinworð, Kenilworð in CCCC 92, f. 186v.

[117] = d75.1. Noted in P 1266, first item. P says the castle held out till the eve of the feast of Thomas the Apostle.

[118] = d75.2. Noted in b1287.1. Not in P, R or S.

[119] There are twelve further lines in the column, left blank, to the end of the page. Pages 520 and 521 have been left blank in the MS.

[120] Or read mareduti.

[121] July–August 1270, although Louis had started making preparations for the crusade as early as 1267 (Runciman, HC3; Dunbabin 1998).

[122] 25 August 1270 (Runciman, HC3); a filum runs from francie to the marginal note exercitum (in?) arab(…), now partially hidden by the binding. This would seem to refer to the previous annal, as exercitum is written after cicilie.

[123] 3 August 1271 (HBC).

[124] 16 November 1272 (HBC).

[125] 16 November 1272 (HBC).

[126] The abbreviation for ra is made over the f and a, thus fraancia.

[127] 2 August 1274 (HBC).

[128] A double lacuna spreading over four lines. The scribe has written west monasterium around this and left the next three lines blank.

[129] 1274 (= d77).

[130] 7 May 1274 (Goyau 1910; Runciman, HC3).

[131] August 1274 (HBC).

[132] .CC. erroneously omitted from this and the next annal.

[133] Edward’s coronation was on 19 August 1274 (OHE Powicke).

[134] = c595.1.

[135] 1276 (= d78).

[136] = c596.1.

[137] 1277 (= d79).

[138] 1278 (= d80).

[139] 1279 (= d81.1).

[140] 1279.

[141] 1 April 1280 (HBC). D has this item under its annal d74.

[142] 17 June and 6 Oct 1280 (HBC). D has this item under its annal d74.

[143] 7 August × 7 October 1280 (HBC; Peter Quinel or Quivel).

[144] 1281 (= d82).

[145] 1281 (OHE Powicke).

[146] The final grapheme of this date has been almost completely erased, only a faint trace remaining, but the events are of A.D. 1282.

[147] 11 December 1282 (HBC); there is a note against this annal in a cartouche in the right margin, now largely illegible, possibly beginning ‘huc usque ...’ The right edge of the cartouche has been cut away.

[148] 1282 (= d83).

[149] 11 December 1282 (HBC).

[150] Dafydd ap Gruffudd executed 3 October 1283 (HBC).

[151] 1283 (= d84).

[152] 3 October 1283 (HBC).

[153] This word runs into the binding.

[154] 1284 (= d85). Erroneous date Millio .cc .lxxxiii° added by a hand similar to Hand 1 above the line. This is a unique case of the form anno for an annal header in the MS.

[155] 28 March 1285 (HD).

[156] successit honori[us] added in margin at end of this line (Hand 1).

[157] AD 1285 (= d86). mense octobris inserted post-scriptum between the first and second lines (Hand 1).

[158] mense octobris inserted above mortuus est (Hand 1).

[159] 5 October 1285 (OHE Powicke).

[160] cui primum nomen edwardus sed in coronatione mutatum added at head of column folio 155ra (Hand 1).

[161] 5 January 1286 (Goyau 1911).

[162] = c606.1. The D-text breaks off abruptly here, towards the end of page 528, line 26, with at least a further five lines ruled out but unused.

[163] There is a note against this last line in a cartouche in the right margin, again largely illegible, but beginning with a capital A or N, perhaps ‘Non inn an ...’. The right edge of the cartouche has been cut away. After this last annal, about four lines are left blank before the end of the last column.

[164] 13 May 1286 (HBC).

[165] Item breaks off abruptly.

[166] A very small a beside this indicating that a rubricated capital is wanting. domini . m.cc.lxxxvii . added above the line (Hand 1).

[167] A very small a in front of this indicating where the rubricator should form the capital.

[168] 2 April 1288 (NASA eclipse website).

[169] Last annal prepared but left blank. The capital is entirely missing.

Chronological concordance: P, (R) & S; B, C, D & E, 1251 to 1289

Actual AD dates should always be correct for events between 25 March and 24 December.

P & S: dating apparatus in P and S, following Jones 1952 and 1971. P’s explicit dates are in bold; actual dates of events, if different from that suggested by the dating apparatus, are in normal font in brackets.

B, D and E: explicit dating apparatus is in italics; actual dates of events, if different from that suggested by the dating apparatus, are in normal font in brackets.

C: actual dates of events are in brackets in normal font.

AD P & S B C D E

1251

1251

b1272 1251

c573 (empty)

d64 1251

 

1252

1252

(1253)

b1273 1252

 

 

 

1253

b1274 1253

 

d65 1253

 

1254

1253 (1254)

b1275 1254

c574

d66 1254

e47 1254

1255

1254 (1255)

b1276 1255

c575

 

e48 1255

1256

1255 (1256)

b1277 1256

c576

c577 (empty)

 

e49 1256

1257

1256 (1257)

1257

b1278 1257

c578

d67 1257

e50 1257

1258

1258

(1259)

b1279 1258

c579

d68 1258

e51 1258

1259

b1280 1259

c580 (empty)

d69 1259

e53 1260 (1259)[1]

1260

1260

b1281 1260

c581

d70 1260

e52 1259 (1260)

1261

1261

b1282 1261

c582 (empty)

d71 1261

e54 1261

1262

1262

b1283 1262

c583

d72 1262

e55 1262

1263

1263

b1284 1263

c584 (empty)

 

 

1264

1264

b1285 1264

c585

c586.1 (1264)

d73 1264

e56 1264

1265

1265

b1286 1265

 

d74 1265

e57 1265

1266

1266

b1287 1266

d75 1266

e58 1266

1267

1267

b1288 1267

 

 

1268

1268

b1289 1268

 

 

1269

1269

b1290 1269 (empty)

 

 

1270

1270

b1291 1270

c586.2 (1270)

c587    (1270)

c588  (empty)

c589  (empty)

c590  (empty)

c591  (empty)

c592[2]

 

 

1271

1271

b1292 1271

c593

 

 

1272

1272

b1293 1272

c594

 

 

1273

1273

b1294 1273

 

 

 

1274

1274

b1295 1274

c595

d76 1273 (1274)[3]

d77 1274

 

1275

1275

b1296 1275

c596

 

 

1276

1276

b1297 1276

c597

d78 1276

 

1277

1277

b1298 1277

c598

d79 1277

 

1278

1278

 

c599

d80 1278

 

1279

1279

 

c600

d81 1279 (1279–80)

 

1280

1280

 

c601

 

1281

1281

 

c602

d82 1281

 

1282

1282

b1299 12(82)

c603

d83 1282

 

1283

1283

b1300 1283

c604

d84 1283

 

1284

1284

 

c605

d85 1284

 

1285

(1285–88)[4]

 

c606

d86 1285

 

1286

 

b1301 1286 (1284?)[5]

c607

 

 

1287

 

 

c608

 

 

1288

 

 

c609

 

 

1289

1289 (1287)

 

c610 (empty)

 

 

[1] It is acknowledged in the MS that these two annals, e52 and e53, have been entered in the wrong chronological order.

[2] First of the final run of annals in C, commencing on the first page of a new bifolio.

[3] Both this and the following annal are for events of 1274.

[4] P 'After that there were four years of continued peace at a stretch, without anything to be recorded for that length of time.' S 'And after that there were four years in peace with nothing that could be placed on record, with John Pennardd holding Gwynedd under the king.'

[5] See Smith 2008, 74, fn. 114. The Annales Cestrienses date the fire noted in B s.a. 1286 at Strata Florida twelve days before Christmas 1284. Possibly, iu in the source was misread as ui.